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工作原理　　这里我们就不再搭建示例工程了，直接根据上一篇的示例代码，深入log4j">
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      日志系列三之log4j初始化
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        <h2 id="u7B80_u4ECB"><a href="#u7B80_u4ECB" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h2><p>　　Log4j是Apache的一个开放源代码项目，通过使用Log4j，我们可以控制日志信息输出地，也可以控制每一条日志的输出格式。通过定义每一条日志信息的级别，我们能够更加细致地控制日志的生成过程。最令人感兴趣的就是，这些可以通过一个配置文件来灵活地进行配置，而不需要修改应用的代码。首先我们在代码中增加配置文件</p>
<h2 id="u5DE5_u4F5C_u539F_u7406"><a href="#u5DE5_u4F5C_u539F_u7406" class="headerlink" title="工作原理"></a>工作原理</h2><p>　　这里我们就不再搭建示例工程了，直接根据上一篇的示例代码，深入log4j的内部，了解配置文件初始化的过程。当我们调用slf4j的LoggerFactory.getLogger(…)方法时，会执行到在slf4j-log4j12桥接包中org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory类的getLogger方法，该方法实现如下。最终程序会执行到此处log4jLogger = LogManager.getLogger(name)。<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Logger <span class="title">getLogger</span><span class="params">(String name)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    Logger slf4jLogger = loggerMap.get(name);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (slf4jLogger != <span class="keyword">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">return</span> slf4jLogger;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      org.apache.log4j.Logger log4jLogger;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">if</span>(name.equalsIgnoreCase(Logger.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME))</span><br><span class="line">        log4jLogger = LogManager.getRootLogger();</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">        log4jLogger = LogManager.getLogger(name);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">      Logger newInstance = <span class="keyword">new</span> Log4jLoggerAdapter(log4jLogger);</span><br><span class="line">      Logger oldInstance = loggerMap.putIfAbsent(name, newInstance);</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">return</span> oldInstance == <span class="keyword">null</span> ? newInstance : oldInstance;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>　　我们进入LogManager源码，可以看到其包含了一个static代码块，下面所示为关键的几行代码，显示了配置文件的加载流程<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_FILE = <span class="string">"log4j.properties"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String DEFAULT_XML_CONFIGURATION_FILE = <span class="string">"log4j.xml"</span>;  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    String configurationOptionStr = OptionConverter.getSystemProperty(DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_KEY, <span class="keyword">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    String configuratorClassName = OptionConverter.getSystemProperty(CONFIGURATOR_CLASS_KEY, <span class="keyword">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    URL url = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//优先加载log4j.xml</span></span><br><span class="line">    url = Loader.getResource(DEFAULT_XML_CONFIGURATION_FILE);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(url == <span class="keyword">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//如果没有log4j.xml，再加载log4j.properties</span></span><br><span class="line">   url = Loader.getResource(DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_FILE);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(url != <span class="keyword">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">          OptionConverter.selectAndConfigure(url, configuratorClassName, LogManager.getLoggerRepository());</span><br><span class="line">      &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (NoClassDefFoundError e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">          LogLog.warn(<span class="string">"Error during default initialization"</span>, e);</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   LogLog.debug(<span class="string">"Could not find resource: ["</span>+configurationOptionStr+<span class="string">"]."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>　　我们可以发现，在log4j的配置文件加载后，会调用OptionConverter.selectAndConfigure开始对log.properties内容进行解析。在selectAndConfigure中会调用PropertyConfigurator.doConfigure(url, loggerRepository)进行具体的内容解析工作。下面我们列出重载的方法doConfigure的源码，请注意代码中的注释部分<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">doConfigure</span><span class="params">(Properties properties, LoggerRepository hierarchy)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">repository = hierarchy;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//DEBUG_KEY = log4j.debug，所以可以在log4j.properties中配置log4j.debug=true，打印内部的初始化过程日志信息</span></span><br><span class="line">   String value = properties.getProperty(LogLog.DEBUG_KEY);</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">if</span>(value == <span class="keyword">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     value = properties.getProperty(<span class="string">"log4j.configDebug"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">     <span class="keyword">if</span>(value != <span class="keyword">null</span>)</span><br><span class="line">LogLog.warn(<span class="string">"[log4j.configDebug] is deprecated. Use [log4j.debug] instead."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">if</span>(value != <span class="keyword">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     <span class="comment">//此处设置，用于打印log4j内部的配置文件解析日志</span></span><br><span class="line">     LogLog.setInternalDebugging(OptionConverter.toBoolean(value, <span class="keyword">true</span>));</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">//   if log4j.reset=true then reset hierarchy</span></span><br><span class="line">   String reset = properties.getProperty(RESET_KEY);</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">if</span> (reset != <span class="keyword">null</span> &amp;&amp; OptionConverter.toBoolean(reset, <span class="keyword">false</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         hierarchy.resetConfiguration();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">//THRESHOLD_PREFIX = log4j.threshold</span></span><br><span class="line">   String thresholdStr = OptionConverter.findAndSubst(THRESHOLD_PREFIX, properties);</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">if</span>(thresholdStr != <span class="keyword">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     hierarchy.setThreshold(OptionConverter.toLevel(thresholdStr, (Level) Level.ALL));</span><br><span class="line">     LogLog.debug(<span class="string">"Hierarchy threshold set to ["</span>+hierarchy.getThreshold()+<span class="string">"]."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">//初始化log4j.rootLogger</span></span><br><span class="line">   configureRootCategory(properties, hierarchy);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//初始化LoggerFactory</span></span><br><span class="line">   configureLoggerFactory(properties);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//初始化log4j.logger等</span></span><br><span class="line">   parseCatsAndRenderers(properties, hierarchy);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   LogLog.debug(<span class="string">"Finished configuring."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// We don't want to hold references to appenders preventing their</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// garbage collection.</span></span><br><span class="line">   registry.clear();</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>　　下面直接提出powserdesign画的oom图，便于理解<br><img src="/images/log4j-oom.jpg" alt="log4j-oom.jpg"></p>
<h2 id="u603B_u7ED3"><a href="#u603B_u7ED3" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h2><p>　　1. 以DEBUG等级创建一个RootLogger,然后以RootLogger为参数创建一个Hierarchy类的实例。<br>　　2. Hierarchy类中实现了LoggerRepository接口和RendererSupport接口。LoggerRepository接口主要提供了对Logger聚集的一些访问方法和整个<br>Log容器对Threshold等级的支持。Hierarchy类其实是Log4j中最重要的一个容器类，其中保存了所有的logger实例，并提供相应的方法维护Logger的登记结构。<br>　　3. 以Hierarchy为参数创建一个DefaultRepositorySelector类的实例。以便提供一种获取LoggerRepository的方法。<br>　　4. DefaultRepositorySelector类实现了RepositorySelector接口。RepositorySelector提供了一个获取LoggerRepository的方法。<br>　　5. 之后开始读取默认配置文件。首先尝试读取Log4j.xml，如果不存在就读取Log4j.properties。如果都不存在就放弃作默认配置。继续运行。如果自己在程序中没有配置Log4j，以后的运行打印出错Log。</p>
<h2 id="u53C2_u8003_u8D44_u6599"><a href="#u53C2_u8003_u8D44_u6599" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h2><p><a href="http://www.blogjava.net/DLevin/archive/2012/11/08/390991.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.blogjava.net/DLevin/archive/2012/11/08/390991.html</a><br><a href="http://blog.csdn.net/shrekmu/article/details/271770" target="_blank" rel="external">http://blog.csdn.net/shrekmu/article/details/271770</a></p>

      
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